Moving Beyond Nursing Standardized Language for Substance Use Problems.

Nursing knowledge has been accompanied by the evolution of nursing standardized language systems (SLS) that can help nurses to systematize nursing care. We analyzed referential integrity (diagnosis, results, interventions) of substance related problems in Nursing SLS through documentary analysis: ICNP®, NANDA-I, Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC), NANDA NIC NOC (NNN). ICNP® has a definition of "substance abuse" but there are no clinical indicators or related factors to help formulate a diagnosis. NANDA-I does not define any related diagnosis, although it appears as related to or as a risk factor in 36 diagnoses. In NIC and NOC there are interventions and outcomes related. The phenomenon is omitted in NANDA-I and treated in a stigmatized manner by ICNP. Clear clinical indicators may be needed to help nursing diagnosis and to lead clinical reasoning.

Effect of humor intervention on well-being, depression, and sense of humor in hemodialysis patients / Efecto del uso del humor en el bienestar, depresión y sentido del humor en pacientes en hemodiálisis

Objective: To evaluate whether visualization of humor movies during hemodialysis sessions improves subjective well-being and sense of humor, while decreasing stress / anxiety and depression levels, in hemodialysis patients. Material and Method: A pre-test / post-test design study with a non-equivalent control group was carried out in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, in two hemodialysis units of Diaverum Clinics. The study included 34 patients in the intervention group and 33 patients in the control group. The intervention consisted in the visualization of humor movies during hemodialysis sessions for ten sessions over a four-week period. The control group watched neutral movies. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and health information questionnaire (age, gender, nationality, education, occupation, marital status, dialysis session length, presence of hypertension and diabetes); the Subjective Happiness Scale; the satisfaction with life in general; the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale. Student t-tests and t-tests for paired samples were performed. The response to change was evaluated using: the percentage of change, ceiling effect and floor effect, effect size, and the standardized response mean. Results: The levels of subjective happiness and sense of humor increased in the intervention group, but there were no significant increases in satisfaction with life in general. Only depression levels decreased significantly in the intervention group. Conclusions: The visualization of humor movies as a nursing intervention improved the levels of subjective happiness and sense of humor, while decreasing the perception of depressive symptoms

Objetivo: Evaluar si la visualización de películas de humor durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis mejora el bienestar subjetivo y el sentido del humor, al tiempo que disminuye los niveles de estrés / ansiedad y depresión, en pacientes con hemodiálisis. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio pre-post intervención con un grupo de control no equivalente, en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis, en dos unidades de hemodiálisis de Diaverum Clinics. El estudio incluyó a 34 pacientes en el grupo de intervención y 33 pacientes en el grupo de control. La intervención consistió en la visualización de películas de humor durante diez sesiones de hemodiálisis en un período de cuatro semanas. El grupo control vio películas neutrales. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica y de salud (edad, sexo, nacionalidad, educación, ocupación, estado civil, duración de la sesión de diálisis, presencia de hipertensión y diabetes); la escala subjetiva de felicidad; la escala de satisfacción general con la vida; la escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) y la escala multidimensional de sentido del humor. Se emplearon pruebas t-Student y pruebas t para muestras pareadas. La respuesta al cambio se evaluó utilizando: el porcentaje de cambio, el efecto pico y el efecto base, el tamaño del efecto y la media de respuesta estandarizada. Resultados: Los niveles de felicidad subjetiva y de sentido del humor aumentaron en el grupo de intervención, pero no hubo aumento significativo en la satisfacción general con la vida. Solo los niveles de depresión disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo de intervención. Conclusiones: La visión de las películas de humor como una intervención de enfermería mejoró los niveles de felicidad subjetiva y de sentido del humor, al tiempo que disminuyó la percepción de los síntomas depresivos

Assessment of the perceived quality of life of a kidney transplant patient

Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of kidney-transplanted patients who are followed in the outpatient clinic. Method: This is a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 55 patients who underwent a kidney transplant in the Lisbon region, Portugal. Data collection was conducted in May 2017. The WHOQOL-bref questionnaire and sociodemographic and clinical variable were also used. Results: The lowest value is found in the physical domain and the highest values in the environmental and general facets of quality of life. The general facet of quality of life is positively associated with the physical domain, the psychological domain and the environmental domain. Conclusions: The physical domain of quality of life related to kidney-transplanted patients was the most impaired. Clinical practice implications for nursing are discussed

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Validación de la 'Subjective Happiness Scale' en personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica / Validação da 'Subjective Happiness Scale' em pessoas com Doença Renal Crónica Validation of the Subjective Happiness Scale in people with Chronic Kidney Disease / Validation of the Subjective Happiness Scale in people with Chronic Kidney Disease

Objetivo: Verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), en personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC), en hemodiálisis. Método: Estudio metodológico cuya muestra aleatoria estuvo constituida por 171 personas con ERC que realizan hemodiálisis en dos clínicas de la región de Lisboa (Portugal). Los datos se obtuvieron entre Mayo y Junio del 2015. Las propiedades psicométricas estudiadas fueron la validez (constructo, convergente, discriminante), la fiabilidad (consistencia interna (α de Cronbach)) y la estabilidad (Coeficiente de Correlación Intra-clase y de Correlación de Spearman-Brown). Resultados: Los resultados confirman la estructura uni-factorial, presentando una fiabilidad con α=0,90. La escala presenta una correlación positiva con la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (r=0,60; p<0,001), lo que sirve para certificar su validez de criterio. Conclusión: la versión portuguesa de la SHS es válida, fiable y reproducible en personas con ERC que realizan hemodiálisis (AU)

Objetivo: Validar as propriedades psicométricas da Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) em pessoas com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) em programa de hemodiálise. Método: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico. A amostra randomizada foi constituída por 171 pessoas com DRC submetida a hemodiálise em duas clinicas na região de Lisboa, Portugal. Os dados foram colhidos de maio a junho de 2015. Foram avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas: validade (construto, convergente e discriminativa), fidedignidade por meio da consistência interna (α de Cronbach) e estabilidade (Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse e Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman-Brown). Resultados: Os resultados suportam a estrutura unifatorial, com uma confiabilidade (α=0,90). Além disso, esta escala está positivamente correlacionada com a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (r=0,60; p<0,001), apoiando assim a sua validade de critério. Conclusões: A versão portuguesa da SHS é válida e reprodutível em pessoas com DRC (AU)

Objective: To explore the psychometric properties of the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) under hemodialysis. Methods: This is a methodological study. The random sample included 171 patients with CKD under hemodialysis program in two clinics in the region of Lisbon, Portugal. Data was collected between May and June 2015. The following psychometric properties were evaluated: validity (construct, convergent and discriminant), reliability through internal consistency (Cronbach α) and stability (intraclass correlation coefficient and Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient). Results: The results support the unifactorial structure, with reliability (α = 0.90). In addition, this scale is positively correlated with the Satisfaction Life Scale (r = 0.60; p <0.001), supporting the validity criteria. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the SHS is valid and reproducible in patients with CKD (AU)

Risk for falls among community-dwelling older people: systematic literature review. / Risco de quedas em idosos residentes na comunidade: revisão sistemática da literatura.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for falls of the community-dwelling elderly in order to update the Taxonomy II of NANDA International. METHOD: A systematic literature review based on research using the following platforms: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL and MEDLINE, from December 2010 to December 2014. The descriptors used were (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND Nurs* AND Fall Risk Factors. RESULTS: The sample comprised 62 studies and 50 risk factors have been identified. Of these risk factors, only 38 are already listed in the classification. CONCLUSIONS: Two new categories of risk factors are proposed: psychological and socio-economical. New fall risk factors for the community-dwelling elderly have been identified, which can contribute to the updating of this nursing diagnosis of the Taxonomy II of NANDA International.

Validación del Brief Pain Inventory en personas con enfermedad renal crónica / Validation of the Brief Pain Inventory in Persons with Chronic Kidney Disease / Validação do Brief Pain Inventory em pessoas com doença renal crônica

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprobar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa del Brief Pain Inventory, en personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a hemodiálisis. Método: estudio metodológico. La muestra seleccionada está compuesta por 171 personas con enfermedad renal crónica que presentan dolor durante al menos 24 horas y realizan hemodiálisis en dos clínicas de la región de Lisboa, Portugal. Los datos se recogieron entre mayo y junio del 2015. Se evaluaron las siguientes propiedades psicométricas: validez (constructo, convergente y discriminante), confiabilidad (α de Cronbach) y estabilidad (test-retest). Resultados: se obtuvo información que apoya adecuadamente una estructura bifactorial (interferencia del dolor y grado de severidad del dolor), con confiabilidad (α = 0,90 y α = 0,80, respectivamente) y estabilidad. Las medidas registradas están correlacionadas de forma positiva con el afecto negativo, y de forma negativa, con las medidas de calidad de vida, que sustentan la validez concurrente. Se comprobó la existencia de apoyo para la validez predictiva. Conclusiones: las medidas del "grado de severidad del dolor" e "interferencia del dolor" que se obtuvieron a través del Brief Pain Inventory son válidas y reproducibles en personas con enfermedad renal crónica que presentaron dolor en las últimas 24 horas, cuando se utiliza el cuestionario y la entrevista.

ABSTRACT Objective: Verify the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Brief Pain Inventory in persons with chronic kidney disease who are undergoing hemodialysis. Method: This is a methodological study. The selected sample is comprised of 171 persons with chronic kidney disease who experience pain for at least 24 hours and are undergoing hemodialysis at two clinics in Lisbon, Portugal. The data were collected between May and June 2015. The psychometric properties that were evaluated include validity (construct, convergent and discriminant), reliability (Cronbach's α) and stability (test-retest). Results: Information was obtained that adequately supports a bi-factor structure (pain interference and degree of pain severity), with reliability (α = 0.90 and α = 0.80, respectively) and stability. The measures registered correlate positively with the negative effect, and negatively, with measures of quality of life, which support concurrent validity. The existence of support for predictive validity was verified. Conclusions: The "pain severity" and "pain interference" measures obtained with the Brief Pain Inventory are valid and reproducible in persons with chronic kidney disease who experienced pain during the 24 hours before the questionnaire was used and the interview was conducted.

RESUMO Objetivos: comprovar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Brief Pain Inventory em pessoas com doença renal crônica submetidas a hemodiálise. Materiais e método: estudo metodológico. A amostra selecionada está composta por 171 pessoas com doença renal crônica que apresentam dor durante, pelo menos, 24 horas e realizam hemodiálise em duas clínicas de Lisboa, Portugal. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e junho de 2015. Foram avaliadas as seguintes propriedades psicométricas: validade (constructo, convergente e discriminante), confiabilidade (Alfa de Cronbach) e estabilidade (teste-reteste). Resultados: obteve-se informação que apoia adequadamente uma estrutura bifatorial (interferência da dor e grau de severidade da dor), com confiabilidade (α = 0,90 e α = 0,80, respectivamente) e estabilidade. As medidas registradas estão correlacionadas de forma positiva com o afeto negativo, e de forma negativa, com as medidas de qualidade de vida, que sustentam a validade concorrente. Comprovou-se a existência de apoio para validade preditiva. Conclusões: as medidas do "grau de severidade da dor" e "interferência da dor" obtidas por meio do Brief Pain Inventory são válidas e reproduzíveis em pessoas com doença renal crônica que apresentaram dor nas últimas 24 horas, quando se utiliza o questionário e a entrevista.

Validation of the positive and negative affect schedule in people with chronic kidney disease / Validación de la positive and negative affect schedule en personas con enfermedad renal crónica / Validação da positive and negative affect schedule em pessoas com doença renal crônica

ABSTRACT Aim: to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale in people with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Method: this was a methodological study. A random sample of 171 people chronic kidney disease who receive hemodialysis in two clinics in the region of Lisbon, Portugal. Data was collected from May to June 2015. The psychometric properties were evaluated: Validity (construct, convergent and predictive), reliability (Cronbach's α) and stability (test-retest). Results: showed that the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale has two distinct dimensions of positive and negative affect, reliable and stable both when obtained by interview or by questionnaire. Conclusion: the validity and reproducibility of the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale in people with chronic kidney disease are consistent with the original version and the English version of this scale.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa de la Escala Positive And Negative Affect Schedule en personas con enfermedad renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis. Método: este estudio tiene carácter metodológico cuya muestra fue aleatoria y constituida por 171 personas con enfermedad renal crónica que realizan hemodiálisis en dos clínicas de la región de Lisboa. La recogida de datos se realizó entre Mayo y Junio de 2015. Se comprobaron las siguientes propiedades psicométricas: validez (constructo, convergente y predictiva), fiabilidad (α de Cronbach) y estabilidad (teste-reteste). Resultados: permitieron comprobar que la escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule presenta dos dimensiones diferentes de afecto; el positivo y el negativo, y que estes se presentan fiables y estables tanto mediante la utilización de entrevista como de cuestionário. Conclusiones: la validez y reproductibilidad de la versión portuguesa de la escala Positive And Negative Affect Schedule en personas con enfermedad renal crónica son coincidentes con la versión original y portuguesa de la escala.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule em pessoas com doença renal crônica em programa de hemodiálise. Método: tratou-se de um estudo metodológico. A amostra randomizada foi constituída por 171 pessoas com doença renal crônica, submetidas a hemodiálise em duas clínicas na região de Lisboa, Portugal. Os dados foram coletados de maio a junho de 2015. Foram avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas: validade (construto, convergente e preditiva), confiabilidade (α de Cronbach) e estabilidade (teste-reteste). Resultados: Permitiram verificar que a escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule apresenta duas dimensões distintas de afeto positivo e negativo, confiáveis e estáveis, obtidas por entrevista e por questionário. Conclusão: a validade e reprodutibilidade da versão portuguesa da escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule em pessoas com doença renal crônica são consistentes com a versão original e a versão portuguesa desta escala.

Risco de quedas em idosos residentes na comunidade: revisão sistemática da literatura / Riesgo de caídas de los ancianos residentes en la comunidad: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Risk for falls among community-dwelling older people: systematic literature review

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar fatores de risco de queda em idosos residentes na comunidade para atualização da taxonomia II da NANDA Internacional. Método Revisão sistemática da literatura, com pesquisa na plataforma EBSCOHost®, na CINAHL e MEDLINE, no período de dezembro de 2010 a dezembro de 2014. Utilizaram-se os descritores (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND Nurs* AND Fall Risk Factors. Resultados Obteve-se uma amostra de 62 estudos e um total de 50 fatores de risco, dos quais, apenas 38 estão presentes na classificação. Conclusões São propostas duas novas categorias de fatores: os psicológicos e socioeconômicos. Foram identificados novos fatores de risco de queda dos idosos residentes na comunidade, o que contribui para a atualização deste diagnóstico na taxonomia II da NANDA Internacional.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar los factores de riesgo de caídas en los ancianos residentes en la comunidad. Método Revisión sistemática de la literatura. La búsqueda fue realizada en plataforma EBSCOHost®, en CINAHL y MEDLINE, entre diciembre de 2010 y diciembre de 2014. Los descriptores utilizados fueron (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND (Nurs*) AND (Fall Risk Factors). Resultados Fueron seleccionados 62 artículos en los cuales se identificaron 50 factores de riesgo, de los que apenas 38 están presentes en la NANDA Internacional. Conclusiones Se proponen dos nuevas categorías de factores: los psicológicos y los socioeconómicos. Se identificaron nuevos factores de riesgo de caídas en los ancianos residentes en la comunidad, lo que contribuyó para la actualización de la taxonomía II NANDA Internacional.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the risk factors for falls of the community-dwelling elderly in order to update the Taxonomy II of NANDA International. Method A systematic literature review based on research using the following platforms: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL and MEDLINE, from December 2010 to December 2014. The descriptors used were (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND Nurs* AND Fall Risk Factors. Results The sample comprised 62 studies and 50 risk factors have been identified. Of these risk factors, only 38 are already listed in the classification. Conclusions Two new categories of risk factors are proposed: psychological and socio-economical. New fall risk factors for the community-dwelling elderly have been identified, which can contribute to the updating of this nursing diagnosis of the Taxonomy II of NANDA International.